How to vectorize images and maintain high resolution for texts (recognize texts) on Illustrator

copy paste / drag image onto Illustrator,
then select that image object using selection tool

Object(top bar) -> Flatten Transparency -> check convert All text to outlines -> OK
Then do image trace (you either find the tools on top or Object -> Image trace), select low fidelity to let the software guess more or use high fidelity to respect the original image more.
You may do Object -> Image trace -> expand to get individual patterns

It might be needed to Rasterize the image before downstream processing
https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/21978/why-cant-i-imagetrace-an-image-in-my-pattern